Encefalopatía por cefepima en pacientes con insuficiencia renal / No disponible

No disponible

Enfermedad por depósito de cadenas ligeras. Experiencia en nuestro medio / No disponible

La enfermedad por depósito de cadenas ligeras (EDCL) es una entidad rara, caracterizada por el depósito de un solo tipo de cadena ligera en la membrana basal del riñón. Puede asociarse a una discrasia de células plasmáticas, aunque en ocasiones no se detecta patología hematológica y se denomina idiopática. Suele manifestarse como una insuficiencia renal severa con proteinuria nefrótica, no tiene tratamiento claramente establecido y el pronóstico es malo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las características de los casos de EDCL diagnosticados en nuestro medio. Se identifican 6 casos, todos entre 1999 y 2005 de un total de 640 biopsias realizadas en ese periodo, 4 mujeres y 2 varones, media de 57 años. Se detectó un mieloma en 3 pacientes(50%). La insuficiencia renal aguda o de rápida evolución fue la presentación clínica más frecuente (66%) junto con proteinuria nefrótica (66%). Todas las biopsias mostraban engrosamiento de la membrana basal tubular y depósito lineal de cadenas kappa en la misma. La lesión glomerular más frecuente fue la glomérulo esclerosis nodular (83%).En un caso la afectación fue exclusivamente túbulo intersticial con cilindros tubulares asociados. Se trataron 3 pacientes,2 con mieloma. Requirieron diálisis 5 pacientes: 3 con EDCL idiopática con un tiempo medio desde el diagnóstico hasta recibir la misma de 7 días, y 2 con mieloma que tardaron una media de 46 días en requerir diálisis. Fallecieron 4 pacientes, 2 con mieloma. El tiempo de seguimiento hasta el exitus fue de 13 semanas para los pacientes con mieloma y de 110 semanas para el resto. Conclusión, la EDCL parece mas frecuente de lo publicado y se asocia a mieloma en la mitad de los casos. Se presenta con daño renal severo y la evolución renal y del paciente es mala (AU)

The Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a strange entity characterized by the deposition of only one type of light chain in the renal tubular basement membranes. It can be associated to a plasmacell dyscrasia, however, it can occur in the absence of any detectable hematological disorder and it is called idiopathic LCDD. The clinical manifestation is renal insufficiency and nephrotic proteinuria, it does not have a clearly fixed treatment and has a severe prognosis. The aim of this work is to analyse the characteristics of the LCDD cases diagnosed within our environment. Six cases were identified, all of them between 1999 and 2005,from a total amount of 640 renal biopsies performed during this period, 4 women and 2 men, average age of 57. Multiple myelomain 3 patients was detected (50%). The acute renal failure or rapidly progressive renal insufficiency was the most frequent clinical presentation (66%) together with nephrotic proteinuria (66%). All the biopsies showed tubular basement membranes thickening and kappa chains with a linear distribution within the same. The most frequent glomerular pathological finding was the nodular sclerosing glomerulopathy (83%). In one of the cases the affectation was exclusively tubular interstitial with tubular casts. 3 patients were treated, 2 with multiple myeloma. 5 patients needed dialysis: 3 with idiopathic LCDD within an average time of 7 days from the diagnosis to its reception, and 2 with myeloma, who started needing dialysis in an average of 46 days. 4 patients died, 2 of them with myeloma. The monitoring time until the death was 13 weeks for the patients with myeloma and 110 weeks for the rest. Conclusion: The LCDD seems to be more frequent than what has been published and it is associated to the myeloma in half of the cases. It appears together with severe renal insufficiency and the patient's and renal prognosis is poor (AU)

[Light chain deposition disease. Experience in our environment]. / Enfermedad por depósito de cadenas ligeras. Experiencia en nuestro medio.

UNLABELLED: The Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a strange entity characterised by the deposition of only one type of light chain in the renal tubular basement membranes. It can be associated to a plasma cell dyscrasia, however, it can occur in the absence of any detectable hematological disorder and it is called idiopathic LCDD. The clinical manifestation is renal insufficiency and nephrotic proteinuria, it does not have a clearly fixed treatment and has a severe prognosis. The aim of this work is to analyse the characteristics of the LCDD cases diagnosed within our environment. Six cases were identified, all of them between 1999 and 2005, from a total amount of 640 renal biopsies performed during this period, 4 women and 2 men, average age of 57. Multiple myeloma in 3 patients were detected (50%). The acute renal failure or rapidly progressive renal insufficiency was the most frequent clinical presentation (66%) together with nephrotic proteinuria (66%). All the biopsies showed tubular basement membranes thickening and kappa chains with a linear distribution within the same. The most frequent glomerular pathological finding was the nodular sclerosing glomerulopathy (83%). In one of the cases the affectation was exclusively tubular interstitial with tubular casts. 3 patients were treated, 2 with multiple myeloma. 5 patients needed dialysis: 3 with idiopathic LCDD within an average time of 7 days from the diagnosis to its reception and 2 with myeloma, who started needing dialysis in an average of 46 days. 4 patients died, 2 of them with myeloma. The monitoring time until the death was 13 weeks for the patients with myeloma and 110 weeks for the rest. CONCLUSION: The LCDD seems to be more frequent than what has been published and it is associated to the myeloma in half of the cases. It appears together with severe renal insufficiency and the patient's and renal prognosis is poor.

[Peritoneal equilibrium test using icodextrin and glucose at different concentrations]. / Test de equilibrio peritoneal con icodextrina y glucosa a distintas concentraciones.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to compare, under standard conditions (Peritoneal Equilibrium Test, "PET"), the peritoneal permeability to water and several solutes using icodextrin and glucose (3.86% and 1.36%) dialysates. The study includes 14 patients (3 women and 11 men), mean age 64 +/- 13 years, average time on peritoneal dialysis 23.5 +/- 17 months. PETs with icodextrin were performed in all of them (n = 14); PETs with 3.86% glucose were carried out in 7, and PETs with all the three solutions were performed in 5 patients. Samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes, and after the rinsing procedure using 1.36% glucose in order to calculate the residual volume. RESULTS: Sodium concentration in the effluent and D/P sodium did not change significantly from minute 0 to 240 with icodextrin and 1.36% glucose; but with 3.86% glucose both sodium and D/P sodium decreased at thirty minutes, remained at the same levels till the 120 minutes and then had a tendency to increase. Glucose concentration and osmolarity in the effluent did not vary throughout the time with icodextrin, but progressively decreased during the 4-hour period with 3.86% and 1.36% glucose solutions. The drainage after the 4-hour period was higher for the 3.86% glucose (2,608 +/- 388 ml, p = 0.03) than for the 1.36% glucose (2,070 +/- 120 ml) or the icodextrin (2,212 +/- 213 ml). Low molecular weight permeability: D/P creatinine after the 4-hour dwell was significantly lower for the icodextrin (0.66 +/- 0.1, p = 0.05) than for the 3.86% glucose (0.71 +/- 0.1) or the 1.36% glucose (0.72 +/- 0.1). The creatinine clearance for 3.86% glucose (7.4 +/- 0.4 ml/min p = 0.007) was higher than for icodextrin (5.6 +/- 0.5 ml/min) or for 1.36% glucose (5.8 +/- 0.6 ml/min). The clearances for total protein, albumin and beta 2-microglobulin did not show significant differences between the solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that the icodextrin solution remains iso-osmolar with plasma during the 4-hour dwell. The sodium profile suggests that the ultrafiltration induced by icodextrin and 1.36% glucose depends on small pore-mediated sodium and water transport; on the other hand, 3.86% glucose also induces transport of water without solutes throughout the ultra-small aquaporin-mediated, pores, producing sodium dilution in the effluent. Ultrafiltration and solute clearances for icodextrin are lower than for 3.86 glucose during a 4-hour dwell.

Test de equilibrio peritoneal con icodextrina y glucosa a distintas concentraciones / Peritoneal equilibrium test with icodextrin and glucose dialysates

El propósito de este trabajo ha sido comparar en condiciones estándar (test de equilibrio peritoneal) la permeabilidad para el agua y distintos solutos usando soluciones de Icodextrina y glucosa a las concentraciones de 3,86 por ciento y 1,36 por ciento. La muestra estaba formada por 14 pacientes (3 mujeres/11 hombres), edad 64 ñ 13 años, tiempo en diálisis peritoneal 23,5 ñ 17 meses. A los 14 pacientes se les realizó test de equilibrio peritoneal con Icodextrina, a 7 de estos también con 3,86 por ciento y a 5 de ellos el estudio completo con las tres soluciones. Se tomaron muestras en los minutos 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 y tras infusión de lavado de glucosa 1,36 por ciento para medir el volumen residual. Resultados: Tanto la concentración de Na como la relación D/P Na no varían desde el minuto 0 al 240 para la Icodextrina y glucosa 1,36 por ciento. Con la glucosa 3,86 por ciento bajan ya a los 30 minutos y permanece así hasta el minuto 120 que tiende a subir de nuevo. La glucosa y osmolaridad se mantienen a niveles similares al inicial con Icodextrina (y similares al plasma); en contraste, con ambas soluciones de glucosa va disminuyendo a lo largo de las 4 horas. El volumen de drenaje a las 4 horas fue superior (p = 0,03) con 3,86 por ciento (2.608 ñ 338 cc) al obtenido con 1,36 por ciento (2.070 ñ 120 cc) y con Icodextrina (2.212 ñ 213 cc). Referente a la permeabilidad para solutos de bajo peso molecular: D/P 4.ªh Cr inferior con Icodextrina (0,66 ñ 0,1 versus 0,71 ñ 0,1 (3,86 por ciento) versus 0,72 ñ 0,1 (1,36 por ciento) p = 0,05; ClCr superior con 3,86 por ciento (7,4 ñ 0,4 cc/m p = 0,007) en comparación con Icodextrina (5,6 ñ 0,5 cc/m) y con 1,36 por ciento (5,8 ñ 0,6 cc/m). Los aclaramientos de proteínas totales, albúmina y B2 microglobulina no mostraron diferencias. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio confirma que la solución de Icodextrina es y permanece isoosmolar con el plasma a lo largo de un intercambio de 4 horas. El perfil de Na sugiere que la Icodextrina actúa a través del poro pequeño, con paso simultáneo de agua y Na, igual que la solución de glucosa 1,36 por ciento y distinta de la glucosa 3,86 por ciento que, al producir el transporte de agua sin solutos, diluye la concentración de Na del líquido de diálisis en las primeras dos horas. El aclaramiento de solutos y la UF con Icodextrina son inferiores a los obtenidos con glucosa 3,86 por ciento en un intercambio de 4 horas (AU)

Experiencia clínica con icodrextrina. Estudio multicéntrico / Clinical experience and peritoneal clearance with icodextrin. Multicenter study

El propósito de este estudio ha sido analizar la experiencia clínica con icodextrina en nuestra comunidad, especialmente la incidencia de efectos secundarios y la repercusión en el peso y lípidos plasmáticos a medio plazo al disminuir la carga de glucosa. La muestra estaba formada por 51 pacientes; edad57 ± 18 años (18-86), 30 mujeres y 21 hombres; tiempo icodextrina 10,3 ± 7meses (0-41); 21 en DPCA y 30 con cicladora. Además de los datos clínicosen relación con los efectos secundarios, se observó la evolución de diversos parámetros bioquímicos en el período basal (antes de icodextrina) y a los 6, 12 y18 meses. En 12 pacientes se estudiaron la ultrafiltración y aclaramientos decreatinina y urea en el dializado de 24 horas y tras un intercambio de icodextrina trina. Resultados: Todos los efectos secundarios observados fueron dermatológicos, presentándose en 4 de los 51 pacientes (7,8%); dos de ellos sufrieron (..) (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyse our experience with icodextrin in Andalusia, Spain. The study includes 51 patients (30 women and 21 men) on peritoneal dialysis (21 on CAPD and 30 on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) treated withicodextrin for 10.3 ± 7 months (0-41 months). Their mean age was 57 ± 18 years(18-86 years). We have recorded the appearance of side effects, and the evolution of several biochemical parameters at baseline and after 6, 12 ans 18 months from initiation of icodextrin. We also studied drainage fluid from 12 patients after an icodextrin exchange. Results: There were side effects (all cutaneous) in 4 out of 51 patients (7,8%).Two of the affected suffered from cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, and icodextrin had to be suspended; the other two had exfoliative dermatitis affecting hands and feet that disappeared without have to withdraws icodextrin. Biochemical parameters: Serum sodium levels decreased from baseline to six months (138 ± 6 mEq/l vs 136 ± 3 mEq/l; p = 0.006), and then persisted at the same levels throughout the rest of the study period. There was a slight but (..) (AU)

Experiencia clínica con icodrextrina. Estudio multicéntrico / Clinical experience and peritoneal clearance with icodextrin. Multicenter study

El propósito de este estudio ha sido analizar la experiencia clínica con icodextrina en nuestra comunidad, especialmente la incidencia de efectos secundarios y la repercusión en el peso y lípidos plasmáticos a medio plazo al disminuir la carga de glucosa. La muestra estaba formada por 51 pacientes; edad57 ± 18 años (18-86), 30 mujeres y 21 hombres; tiempo icodextrina 10,3 ± 7meses (0-41); 21 en DPCA y 30 con cicladora. Además de los datos clínicos en relación con los efectos secundarios, se observó la evolución de diversos parámetros bioquímicos en el período basal (antes de icodextrina) y a los 6, 12 y18 meses. En 12 pacientes se estudiaron la ultrafiltración y aclaramientos de (..) (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyse our experience with icodextrin in Andalusia, Spain. The study includes 51 patients (30 women and 21 men) on peritoneal dialysis (21 on CAPD and 30 on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) treated with icodextrin for 10.3 ± 7 months (0-41 months). Their mean age was 57 ± 18 years(18-86 years). We have recorded the appearance of side effects, and the evolu(18-86 years). We have recorded the appearance of side effects, and the evolution of several biochemical parameters at baseline and after 6, 12 ans 18 months from initiation of icodextrin. We also studied drainage fluid from 12 patients after an icodextrin exchange. Results: There were side effects (all cutaneous) in 4 out of 51 patients (7,8%).Two of the affected suffered from cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, and icodextrin had to be suspended; the other two had exfoliative dermatitis affecting hands and feet that disappeared without have to withdraws icodextrin. Biochemical parameters: Serum sodium levels decreased from baseline to six months (138 ± 6 mEq/l vs 136 ± 3 mEq/l; p = 0.006), and then persisted at the same levels throughout the rest of the study period. There was a slight but (..) (AU)

[Clinical experience with icodextrin. Multicenter study]. / Experiencia clínica con icodextrina. Estudio multicéntrico.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to analyse our experience with icodextrin in Andalusia, Spain. The study includes 51 patients (30 women and 21 men) on peritoneal dialysis (21 on CAPD and 30 on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) treated with icodextrin for 10.3 +/- 7 months (0-41 months). Their mean age was 57 +/- 18 years (18-86 years). We have recorded the appearance of side effects, and the evolution of several biochemical parameters at baseline and after 6, 12 ans 18 months from initiation of icodextrin. We also studied drainage fluid from 12 patients after an icodextrin exchange. RESULTS: There were side effects (all cutaneous) in 4 out of 51 patients (7.8%). Two of the affected suffered from cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, and icodextrin had to be suspended; the other two had exfoliative dermatitis affecting hands and feet that disappeared without have to withdraws icodextrin. Biochemical parameters: Serum sodium levels decreased from baseline to six months (138 +/- 6 mEq/l vs 136 +/- 3 mEq/l; p = 0.006), and then persisted at the same levels throughout the rest of the study period. There was a slight but significant decreased of serum HDL-cholesterol at six months vs baseline (55 +/- 26 mg/dl vs 51 +/- 20 mg/dl, p = 0.04), and a further decrease at twelve months vs six months (42 +/- 15 mg/dl vs 51 +/- 13 mg/dl, p = 0.054). There were no significant variations of glucose, osmolality, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (tendency to increase), triglycerides, beta 2 m and weight (tendency to increase; p = 0.08). In relation with the icodextrin exchange: average ultrafiltration 296 +/- 119 ml (ranging from 104 to 480 ml), creatinine clearance 1.9 +/- 0.5 litres (20.5% of daily creatinine clearance), urea clearance 2.08 +/- 0.5 litres (18.7% of daily urea clearance), total protein losses 3.2 +/- 0.9 g, albumin losses 1.4 +/- 0.5 g; urea and creatinine clearances were negatively correlated with ratios D/P4 of urea and creatinine of PET and positively correlated with ratio G4/G0. In conclusion, side effects are scarce with the use of icodextrin. As described in other studies, there is a trend to a slight decrease in serum sodium. The long-term use of icodextrin does not-prevent weight gain or deterioration of patients on peritoneal dialysis, despite the diminution of glucose load.

Inverse paradoxical embolism in a patient on chronic hemodialysis with aortic bacterial endocarditis.

We present a 45-year-old patient on chronic hemodialysis who suffered aortic endocarditis by Staphylococcus haemolyticus after bacteremia associated with a venous catheter, which was used temporarily during the maturing phase of a Cimino-Brescia arteriovenous fistula in the left forearm. Three weeks after starting antibiotic therapy, the patient suffered a septic pulmonary embolism. The catheter had been removed 4 weeks before the embolism. Thrombophlebitis of lower limbs, infection or thrombosis of the vascular access, and the involvement of right-sided cardiac structures were all discarded. We assumed that the pulmonary episode was probably a consequence of the paradoxical passage of embolic material, detached from the aortic valve, from arterial to venous circulation through the arteriovenous fistula.

[Treatment with low-protein diet and caloric supplements in patients with chronic kidney failure in predialysis. Comparative study]. / Tratamiento con dieta hipoproteica y suplementos calóricos en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en prediálisis. Estudio comparativo.

The low-protein diet (LPD) is used in patients with advanced chronic renal failure (CRF) to improve their symptoms and decrease the progression of CRF. LPD entails the risk for caloric malnutrition, which increases protein catabolism. Two groups were obtained from a total of 33 patients with CRF with LPD (0.6 g protein/kg/day): control group (group C), which went on with the same diet, and a group S, in which a portion of proteins and calories were provided through a low-protein and hypercaloric supplement (Suplena). During 6 months the protein intake and the evolution of the nutritional status and renal function were studied and compared between both groups. Additionally, tolerance and secondary effects of the supplement were studied in group S. Twenty-two patients (eleven in each group) completed the six month follow-up. At the end of the study, group S had the nutritional parameters better preserved, came closer to the low-protein diet objective, had a better compliance with therapy and had a less marked decrease in renal function--as measured by creatinine clearance--than group C. Tolerance to supplement was good in more than 70% of patients and secondary effects--nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite--occurred in 18% of patients at the end of the 6 months. We conclude that the use of this supplement in an LPD is usually well tolerated, enhances the compliance with the diet and can be of benefit for the mebacolic-nutritional status.